Pre-Islamic Arabia, the region that makes up modern Saudi Arabia, was the site of many ancient cultures and civilizations. The history of pre-Saudi Arabia shows some early traces of human activity in the world.[10] Islam, the second largest religion in the world,[11] emerged in what is today Saudi Arabia. In the early seventh century AD, the Prophet Muhammad united the people of the Arabian Peninsula and established a single Islamic religious entity.
After his death in 632, his followers quickly expanded the lands under Muslim rule outside Arabia, conquering unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to parts of Central Asia and South Asia in the east) in a matter of decades. Many Arab families originated from the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; The Rashidun Caliphs (632-661), the Umayyads (661-750), the Abbasids (750-1517), and the Fatimids (909-1171), as well as many other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe.
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